Wednesday, March 29, 2006
Potential support material...
This morning I made up a CAPA/marble dust mix of 1 part CAPA to 2 parts marble dust. By weight that is an 81% filler mix. I was able to extrude it with little trouble.
The resulting filament was spiky and rough to the touch. I am guessing but suspect that the spikes are pockets of marble dust. I would need a microscope and coloured CAPA to be certain.
After it cooled the filament could be broken with minimal bending. It was very fragile and as a support material would be perfect. It may be that we have to use this support material in rod form unless we want to use a little more CAPA in the mix. We can extrude it using retail marble dust for US$4.30/kg and US$2.50/kg for marble dust in 20 kg bags.
I suspect that the surface treatment of the filament would be better if the filler and polymer were more thoroughly mixed than I was able to do with a bamboo stick. It might be that we could get a filament that we could coil if we did that, too.
Just as a side issue, I had my first RepRap research accident with this experiment. I forgot to seat the cartridge heater in the extruder barrel before turning on the system. The cartridge heater was sitting on top of a piece of scrap poplar. I went back to my PC for a few moments to let the extruder barrel heat up and, when I detected the odor of toasted poplar, got up to make the extrusion. I found that the cartridge heater had charred its way through about 5 mm of poplar and had a cheery little flame started on it where it lay on the table. About 75% of the cartridge heater had reached orange, not red, hot.
I shut down the electricity figuring that I had ruined the cartridge heater. After it cooled, I seated it in the extruder barrel and turned it back on. Amazingly, it worked perfectly. I have a whole new appreciation for ISM heating elements' robustness.
The resulting filament was spiky and rough to the touch. I am guessing but suspect that the spikes are pockets of marble dust. I would need a microscope and coloured CAPA to be certain.
After it cooled the filament could be broken with minimal bending. It was very fragile and as a support material would be perfect. It may be that we have to use this support material in rod form unless we want to use a little more CAPA in the mix. We can extrude it using retail marble dust for US$4.30/kg and US$2.50/kg for marble dust in 20 kg bags.
I suspect that the surface treatment of the filament would be better if the filler and polymer were more thoroughly mixed than I was able to do with a bamboo stick. It might be that we could get a filament that we could coil if we did that, too.
Just as a side issue, I had my first RepRap research accident with this experiment. I forgot to seat the cartridge heater in the extruder barrel before turning on the system. The cartridge heater was sitting on top of a piece of scrap poplar. I went back to my PC for a few moments to let the extruder barrel heat up and, when I detected the odor of toasted poplar, got up to make the extrusion. I found that the cartridge heater had charred its way through about 5 mm of poplar and had a cheery little flame started on it where it lay on the table. About 75% of the cartridge heater had reached orange, not red, hot.
I shut down the electricity figuring that I had ruined the cartridge heater. After it cooled, I seated it in the extruder barrel and turned it back on. Amazingly, it worked perfectly. I have a whole new appreciation for ISM heating elements' robustness.
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Actually, I looked sugars up quite some time ago. You have to be very, very careful with them because they caramelise at quite low temperatures.
I'm not sure how Adrian plans to extrude them. I'm pretty sure that I can't make filament out of them for the Mk II, though. :-(
I'm not sure how Adrian plans to extrude them. I'm pretty sure that I can't make filament out of them for the Mk II, though. :-(
Standard domestic sugar caramelises around 174 degrees Centigrade.
Adrian is going to use icing.
Vik :v)
Adrian is going to use icing.
Vik :v)
*** Standard domestic sugar...***
Table sugar and icing sugar are both sucrose.
***... caramelises around 174 degrees Centigrade.***
Exactly my worry. That's way higher than the melting point of either CAPA or polymorph. While we could lay down a support structure using it, what happens if we have to lay molten sugar down on our polymer which has a much lower melting point?
Table sugar and icing sugar are both sucrose.
***... caramelises around 174 degrees Centigrade.***
Exactly my worry. That's way higher than the melting point of either CAPA or polymorph. While we could lay down a support structure using it, what happens if we have to lay molten sugar down on our polymer which has a much lower melting point?
CAPA's density is about 1.05 that of water. It tends to "float" because of surface tension's enhanced effect on a plastic that is very nearly neutrally buoyant.
I'm a little confused about your using a brine that would cause CAPA to float even better than it already does. Wouldn't you want to just dribble water in for a support material after anchoring the extrusion to the working surface?
I'm a little confused about your using a brine that would cause CAPA to float even better than it already does. Wouldn't you want to just dribble water in for a support material after anchoring the extrusion to the working surface?
I actually meant that it might be an idea to try mixing icing sugar with the CAPA instead of marble dust, rather than extruding sugar per se.
Not something you'd want to put in a water-bath though :)
I believe that the commercial filler used for these purposes is cornstarch.
Vik :v)
Not something you'd want to put in a water-bath though :)
I believe that the commercial filler used for these purposes is cornstarch.
Vik :v)
Cornstarch is used when you are looking for biodegredation, after a fashion. It is a terrific explosive in a dust situation. I respect it far too much to want to be within half a mile of it.
You really need a big container to make it go bang in - a silo is ideal, but a big coffee tin will do at a pinch :)
Vik :v)
Vik :v)
Yes, in generations of working with starch powder (well, flour...fairly similar, chemically), my family hasn't yet seen an explosion. Do many bakers get blown up? Perhaps that's why millers used renewable energy rather than steam for so long a stretch of history...but seriously, you're being paranoid.
What about some kind of soluble salt as a filler? It's not hard to mill rock salt down to a fairly fine, non-flamable powder that won't encourage bacterial growth in the polyester.
***...but seriously, you're being paranoid.***
Nope, not a bit of it.
While at university I worked summers at grain silos. Our lunchroom was 75 yards away from the silos and was enclosed in a fine-mesh screen of about the same quality as you see in miners' lanterns. To get into the lunch area, where you could smoke, you had to go through a flame-lock double door system. South Texas, where I worked, lost several silos to explosions every year. All you need for such an explosion is a big cloud of grain dust. It doesn't have to be enclosed. The mechanism is the same as is used in fuel-air bombs.
Nope, not a bit of it.
While at university I worked summers at grain silos. Our lunchroom was 75 yards away from the silos and was enclosed in a fine-mesh screen of about the same quality as you see in miners' lanterns. To get into the lunch area, where you could smoke, you had to go through a flame-lock double door system. South Texas, where I worked, lost several silos to explosions every year. All you need for such an explosion is a big cloud of grain dust. It doesn't have to be enclosed. The mechanism is the same as is used in fuel-air bombs.
My idea was to use icing sugar mixed with water to make a paste that you could work at room temperature. As the filament we extrude is very fine it should dry and set quickly.
Let's see, icing covers the sweet end of things, we still need salty, crunchy, and greasy extrudates in order to cover the four snack groups, and fabricate proper snack foods.
@Brett
i totally agree, that would be awesome, we could then print a cup filled with coffee and two sugars or a plate with a cake and fork on it :)
(and we could finally say "yes you can!" to our beloved cat overlords when they asked "can i haz cheeseburger?" and no, i'm, sadly, not under the influence of a printed bottle of beer ;)
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i totally agree, that would be awesome, we could then print a cup filled with coffee and two sugars or a plate with a cake and fork on it :)
(and we could finally say "yes you can!" to our beloved cat overlords when they asked "can i haz cheeseburger?" and no, i'm, sadly, not under the influence of a printed bottle of beer ;)
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